Themes: GLUTAMATE

2301

Contained in: J. Neurosci., 2018: 38, 575-585

Inactivation of NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area during cocaine self-administration prevents GluA1 upregulation but with paradoxical increases in cocaine-seeking behavior

Authors: Guzman, D., Carreira M.B., Friedman A.K., Adachi M., Neve R.L., Monteggia L.M., Han M.-H., Cowan C.W., Self D.W.

  Ventral tegmental area neuronal NMDA and AMPA receptor role in cocaine operant self-administration acquisition/extinction/reinstatement in rats
  Guzman, D., Carreira M.B., Friedman A.K., Adachi M., Neve R.L., Monteggia L.M., Han M.-H., Cowan C.W., Self D.W. - 2018

  N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   DOPAMINE   OPERANT CONDITIONING   GLUTAMATE   EXTINCTION   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION

2019

Contained in: Trends Neurosci., 2019: 42, 14-22

Molecular mechanisms of the memory trace

Authors: Asok, A., Leroy F., Rayman J.B., Kandel E.R.

  Long-term memory molecular mechanisms - Review
  Asok, A., Leroy F., Rayman J.B., Kandel E.R. - 2019

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   CONSOLIDATION   PROTEINS AND GENES   CEREBRAL CORTEX   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   PROTEIN KINASES   GLUTAMATE
Contained in: Science, 2019: 363, eaav1483

Synaptotagmin-3 drives AMPA receptor endocytosis, depression of synapse strength, and forgetting

Authors: Awasthi, A., Ramachandran B., Ahmed S., Benito E., Shinoda Y., Nitzan N., Heukamp A., Rannio S., Martens H., Barth J., Burk K., Wang Y.T., Fischer A., Dean C.

  Post-synaptic membrane synaptotagmin 3 protein role in hippocampal neuron plasticity/AMPA receptor activity, exploratory activity and spatial learning and forgetting in mice
  Awasthi, A., Ramachandran B., Ahmed S., Benito E., Shinoda Y., Nitzan N., Heukamp A., Rannio S., Martens H., Barth J., Burk K., Wang Y.T., Fischer A., Dean C. - 2019

  GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   EXTINCTION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Science, 2019: 363, 31-32

Weakening synapses to cull memories

Authors: Mandelberg, N.J., Tsien R.

  Hippocampal neuron post-synaptic membrane protein synaptotagmin 3 on AMPA receptor activity/transmission, spatial learning and forgetting in mice - Commentary
  Mandelberg, N.J., Tsien R. - 2019

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   PROTEINS AND GENES   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2019: 356, 137-147

Juvenile Shank3b deficient mice present with behavioral phenotype relevant to autism spectrum disorder

Authors: Balaan, C., Corley M.J., Eulalio T., Leite-ahyo K., Pang A.P.S., Fang R., Khadka V.S., Maunakea A.K., Ward M.A.

  Shank-3 post-synaptic protein on grooming/rearing/exploratory behavior and vocalization, social interaction in juvenile male and female mice
  Balaan, C., Corley M.J., Eulalio T., Leite-ahyo K., Pang A.P.S., Fang R., Khadka V.S., Maunakea A.K., Ward M.A. - 2019

  PROTEINS AND GENES   GLUTAMATE   STEROTYPED BEHAVIORS   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   GENDER
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2019: 356, 148-155

Modulation of kalirin-7 expression by hippocampal CA1 5-HT1B receptors in spatial memory consolidation

Authors: Zhou, M.-H., Sun F.-F., Xu C., Chen H.-B., Qiao H., Cai X., Ma X.-M., An S.-C.

  Hippocampal 5.HT1B receptor role in local neuron plasticity, glutamate receptor/psd95/kalini-7 expression, spatial memory acquisition and consolidation/reconsolidation in rats
  Zhou, M.-H., Sun F.-F., Xu C., Chen H.-B., Qiao H., Cai X., Ma X.-M., An S.-C. - 2019

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   CONTEXTUAL PRE-EXPOSURE AND RETRAINING   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   SEROTONIN   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   GLUTAMATE   PROTEINS AND GENES   CONSOLIDATION   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2019: 356, 435-443

Cerebral oxidative metabolism mapping in four genetic mouse models of anxiety and mood disorders

Authors: Matrov, D., Kaart T., Lanfumey L., Maldonado R., Sharp T., Tordera R.M., Kelly P.A., Deakin B., Harro J.

  Vesicular glutamate transporter, CB1 receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and serotonin transporter role in brain oxidative metabolism in mice
  Matrov, D., Kaart T., Lanfumey L., Maldonado R., Sharp T., Tordera R.M., Kelly P.A., Deakin B., Harro J. - 2019

  CANNABINOIDS   SEROTONIN   GLUCOCORTICOIDS   GLUTAMATE   HYPOTHALAMUS   AMYGDALA   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: Brain Res. Bull., 2019: 144, 101-107

Dopamine in the hippocampal dentate gyrus modulates spatial learning via D1-like receptors

Authors: Wang, F., Wan P., Wang W., Xiao B., Jin H., Jin Q.

  Hippocampal dopaminergic modulation on local excitatory aminoacids levels and Morris water maze performance in rats
  Wang, F., Wan P., Wang W., Xiao B., Jin H., Jin Q. - 2019

  DOPAMINE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   GLUTAMATE
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2019: 22, 106-119

GABA and glutamate neurons in the VTA regulate sleep and wakefulness

Authors: Yu, X., Li W., Ma Y., Tossell K., Harris J.J., Harding E.C., Ba W., Miracca G., Wang D., Li L., Guo J., Chen M., Li Y., Yustos R., Vyssotski A.L., Burdakov D., Yang Q., Dong H., Franks N.P., Wisden W.

  Ventral tegmental area role in sleep-wake cycle regulation in mice: c-fos labeling/optogenetic study
  Yu, X., Li W., Ma Y., Tossell K., Harris J.J., Harding E.C., Ba W., Miracca G., Wang D., Li L., Guo J., Chen M., Li Y., Yustos R., Vyssotski A.L., Burdakov D., Yang Q., Dong H., Franks N.P., Wisden W. - 2019

  γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRIATUM   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   DOPAMINE   GLUTAMATE   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   SLEEP   NITRIC AND NITROUS OXIDE   HYPOTHALAMUS   CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS
Contained in: Neuron, 2019: 101, 133-151

A neural circuit mechanism for encoding aversive stimuli in the mesolimbic dopamine system

Authors: de Jong, J.W., Afjei S.A., Dorocic I.P., Peck J.R., Liu C., Kim C.K., Tian L., Deisseroth K., Lammel S.

  Lateral hypothalamic-ventral tegmental area glutamatergic and ventral tegmental area-accumbal dopaminergic pathway activity related to fear conditioning encoding and appetitively conditioned place preference in mice: optogenetic study
  de Jong, J.W., Afjei S.A., Dorocic I.P., Peck J.R., Liu C., Kim C.K., Tian L., Deisseroth K., Lammel S. - 2019

  DOPAMINE   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS   GLUTAMATE   HYPOTHALAMUS   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2019: 144, 19-28

Mechansims underlying prelimbic cortex mGlu3/mGlu5-dependent plasticity and reversal learning deficits following acute stress

Authors: Joffe, M.E., Santiago C.I., Stansley B.J., Maksymetz J., Gogliotti R.G., Engers J.L:, Nicoletti F., Lindsley C.W., Conn P.J.

  Stress on prefrontal neuron mGlu3/5 dependent excitability and operant responding in mice: PI3K-Akt suìignaling role
  Joffe, M.E., Santiago C.I., Stansley B.J., Maksymetz J., Gogliotti R.G., Engers J.L:, Nicoletti F., Lindsley C.W., Conn P.J. - 2019

  CEREBRAL CORTEX   GLUTAMATE   STRESS   OPERANT CONDITIONING   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   PROTEIN KINASES
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2019: 144, 233-243

S-ketamine reduces marble burying behaviour: involvement of ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex and AMPA receptors

Authors: Tosta, C.L., Silote G.P., Francalossi M.P., Sartim A.G., Andreatini R., Joca S.R.L., Beijamini V.

  Serotonergic/AMPA/NO modulation on systemic or intra-ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex S-ketamine on locomotion/exploration and marble-burying behavior in mice
  Tosta, C.L., Silote G.P., Francalossi M.P., Sartim A.G., Andreatini R., Joca S.R.L., Beijamini V. - 2019

  GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   CEREBRAL CORTEX   SEROTONIN   NITRIC AND NITROUS OXIDE   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2019: 144, 271-281

Neuroadaptive changes and behavioral effects after a sensitization regime of MDPV

Authors: Duart-Castells, L., Lopez-Arnau R., Buenrostro-Jauregui M., Munoz-Villegas P., Valverde O., Camarasa J., Pubill D., Escubedo E.

  3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone cocaine-like cathinone juvenile exposure on striatal neurotoxicity/dopaminergic marker expression, accumbal GluA2/R2/Arc expression, orbitofrontal ΔFosB expression and aggressiveness/locomotion/exploration in mice
  Duart-Castells, L., Lopez-Arnau R., Buenrostro-Jauregui M., Munoz-Villegas P., Valverde O., Camarasa J., Pubill D., Escubedo E. - 2019

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   PROTEINS AND GENES   CEREBRAL CORTEX   DOPAMINE   STRIATUM   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS   AGGRESSIVE AND DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR   GLUTAMATE
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2019: 144, 312-318

Role of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in memory consolidation, retrieval and updating

Authors: Torquatto, K.I., Menegolla A.P., Popik B., Casagrande M.A., de Oliveira Alvares L.

  Basolateral amygdala AMPA receptor role on fear conditioning consolidation and retrieval; hippocampal AMPA receptorrole in fear conditioning and retrieval, object location and Morris water maze consolidation in rats
  Torquatto, K.I., Menegolla A.P., Popik B., Casagrande M.A., de Oliveira Alvares L. - 2019

  GLUTAMATE   AMYGDALA   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION   CONSOLIDATION
Contained in: Neurosci. Lett., 2019: 689, 11-13

Metabolic signaling in the brain and the role of astrocytes in control of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission

Authors: Schousboe, A.

  Astrocytes, glutamine homeostasis, glutamate and GABA neurotransmission - Review
  Schousboe, A. - 2019

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   GLUTAMATE   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
Contained in: Neuron, 2019: 101, 246-259

Mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated changes in social behavior in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder

Authors: Sgritta, M., Dooling S.W., Buffington S.A., Momin E.N., Francis M.B., Britton R.A., Costa-Mattioli M.

  Lactobacillus reuteri exposure effects on hypothalamic poaraventricular nucleus oxytocin levels, social interaction and related ventral tegmental area doaminergic neuron AMPA/NMDA dependent excitability in shank3B and BTBR autsim spectrum disorder mouse model and control mice
  Sgritta, M., Dooling S.W., Buffington S.A., Momin E.N., Francis M.B., Britton R.A., Costa-Mattioli M. - 2019

  ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   OXYTOCIN   HYPOTHALAMUS   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   DOPAMINE   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)
Contained in: Neuroscience, 2019: 396, 175-186

GLS1 mutant mice display moderate alterations of hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission associated with specific adaptive behavioral changes

Authors: Dutar, P., Tolle V., Kervern M., Carcenac C., Carola V., Gross C., Savasta M., Darmon M., Masson J.

  Brain glutamate levels on hippocampal neuron excitability/AMPA-NMDA synaptic functioning, response to stress, related corticosterone levels, locomotion/exploration and spatial learning in mice
  Dutar, P., Tolle V., Kervern M., Carcenac C., Carola V., Gross C., Savasta M., Darmon M., Masson J. - 2019

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   GLUTAMATE   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   GLUCOCORTICOIDS   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   STRESS
Contained in: Neurosci. Lett., 2019: 690, 76-82

Downregulation of mGluR2/3 receptors during morphine withdrawal in rats imnpairs mGluR2/3- and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens

Authors: Qian, Z., Wu X., Qiao Y., Shi M., Liu Z., Ren W., Han J., Zheng Q.

  Morphine on accumbal dependent mGluR2/3/5 and NMDA receptor excitability in rats
  Qian, Z., Wu X., Qiao Y., Shi M., Liu Z., Ren W., Han J., Zheng Q. - 2019

  OPIOIDS   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Eur. J. Neurosci., 2019: 49, 40-50

Omega-3 fatty acids regulate plasticity in distinct hippocampal glutmatergic synapses

Authors: Aryal, S., Hussain S., Drevon C.A., Nagelhus E., Hvalby O., Jensen V., Walaas S.I., Davanger S.

  Post-weaning omega-3 fatty acids dietary deficiency on brain dopamine/serotonin turnover/levels and hippocampal neuron excitability/post-synaptic glutamate receptors-protein levels in 5-month-old mice
  Aryal, S., Hussain S., Drevon C.A., Nagelhus E., Hvalby O., Jensen V., Walaas S.I., Davanger S. - 2019

  SEROTONIN   DOPAMINE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   PROTEINS AND GENES
Contained in: Physiol. Behav., 2019: 199, 28-32

Glutamate transporter GLT1 inhibitor dihydrokainic acid impairs novel object recognition memory performance in mice

Authors: Tian, S.-W., Yu X.-D., Cen L., Xiao Z.-Y.

  Intracerebroventricular glutamate reuptake inhibitor role in object recognition acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in mice
  Tian, S.-W., Yu X.-D., Cen L., Xiao Z.-Y. - 2019

  GLUTAMATE   CONSOLIDATION   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION
Contained in: Curr. Op. Neurobiol., 2019: 54, 44-53

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity as a metaplasticity mechanism - a molecular and cellular perspective

Authors: Li, J., Park E., Zhong L.R., Chen L.

  AMPA receptor trafficking and neuronal excitability/plasticity: Hebbian/homeostatic mechanisms - Review
  Li, J., Park E., Zhong L.R., Chen L. - 2019

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY
Contained in: Curr. Op. Neurobiol., 2019: 54, 66-72

Synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in the ventral tegmental area after chronic cocacine

Authors: Francis, T.C., Gantz S.C., Moussawi K., Bonci A.

  Cocaine exposure and ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neuron excitability - Review
  Francis, T.C., Gantz S.C., Moussawi K., Bonci A. - 2019

  DOPAMINE   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   GLUTAMATE
Contained in: Curr. Op. Neurobiol., 2019: 54, 104-112

Bridging the gap between striatal plasticity and learning

Authors: Perrin, E., Venance L.

  Striatal neuronal excitability/plasticity and Hebbian paradigms - Review
  Perrin, E., Venance L. - 2019

  STRIATUM   REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO BEHAVIOR   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY
Contained in: Curr. Op. Neurobiol., 2019: 54, 113-119

Glial regulation of synapse maturation and stabilization in the developing nervous system

Authors: Van Horn, M.R., Ruthazer E.S.

  Glial role on neuronal synapse developing and structural plasticity - Review
  Van Horn, M.R., Ruthazer E.S. - 2019

  ACETYLCHOLINE   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   PROTEIN KINASES   REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY
Contained in: Science, 2019: 363, eaavo581

Cerebellar modulation of the reward circuitry and social behavior

Authors: Carta, I., Chen C.H., Schott A.L., Dorizan S., Khodakhah K.

  Rewarding cerebellar-ventral tegmental area projection activity related to conditioned place and social preference in mice: optogenetic study
  Carta, I., Chen C.H., Schott A.L., Dorizan S., Khodakhah K. - 2019

  CEREBELLUM   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   GLUTAMATE   CLASSICAL PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2019: 359, 342-352

Changes in brain metabolites related to stress resilience: metabolomic analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of depression

Authors: Akimoto, H., Oshima S., Sugiyama T., Negishi A., Nemoto T., Kobayashi D.

  Chronic stress on hippocampal BDNF/GABA/glutamate/NMDA levels, sucrose preference and exploratory/grooming/rearing behavior in rats
  Akimoto, H., Oshima S., Sugiyama T., Negishi A., Nemoto T., Kobayashi D. - 2019

  STRESS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   STEROTYPED BEHAVIORS   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2019: 359, 792-798

Sucrose ingestion induces glutamate AMPA receptor phosphorylation in dorsal hippocampal neurons: increased sucrose experience prevents this effect

Authors: Ross, A., Barnett N., Faulkner A., Hannapel R., Parent M.B.

  Sucrose ingestion on hippocampal AMPA receptor phosphorylation in rats
  Ross, A., Barnett N., Faulkner A., Hannapel R., Parent M.B. - 2019

  GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   FEEDING AND DRINKING
Contained in: Brain Res., 2019: 1704, 114-126

NO-sGC-cGMP signaling influence the anxiolytic like effect of lithium in mice in light and dark box and elevated plus maze

Authors: Walia, V., Garg C., Garg M.

  NO modulation on lithium carbonate, diazepam, sildenofil and methylene blue brain glutamate levels on exploratory activity in mice
  Walia, V., Garg C., Garg M. - 2019

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   DARK/LIGHT CONTEXT   NITRIC AND NITROUS OXIDE   ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS   GLUTAMATE
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2019: 29, 73-77

Inhibition of kynurenine aminotransferase II attenuates hippocampus-dependent memory deficit in adult rats treated prenatally with kynurenine

Authors: Pocivavsek, A., Elmer G.I., Schwarcz R.

  Kynurenic acid role in hippocampal glutamate levels and passive avoidance acquisition in rats
  Pocivavsek, A., Elmer G.I., Schwarcz R. - 2019

  ACETYLCHOLINE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   AVOIDANCE   DARK/LIGHT CONTEXT   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   GLUTAMATE
Contained in: Cell. Molecul. Neurobiol., 2019: 39, 287-300

Transient switching of NMDA-dependent long-term synaptic potentiation in CA3-CA1 hippocampal synapses to mGluR1-dependent potentiation after pentylenetetrazole-induced acute seizures in young rats

Authors: Postnikova, T.Y., Trofimova A.M., Ergina J.L., Zubareva O.E., Kalemenev S.V., Zaitsev A.V.

  Pentylenetetrazole on hippocampal neuron excitability and post-induced seizure locomotion/exploration and Morris water maze performance in rats
  Postnikova, T.Y., Trofimova A.M., Ergina J.L., Zubareva O.E., Kalemenev S.V., Zaitsev A.V. - 2019

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   GLUTAMATE   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY